The Role of Social Workers in the Family Reactions to the Mentally
Handicapped Child
Mohammad Reza Iravani1 and Mina Arvaneh2
1Assistant Professor, Department of Social Work, Islamic Azad,
University Khomeinishahr Branch, Daneshjou Blvd, Iran.
iravani@iaukhsh.ac.ir
2Social worker and Senior Expert and Head of Unit Comprehensive Center for
Rehabilitation and maintenance of educational and mental disabilities
arvaneh_ir@yahoo.com
Abstrak –The objective of the paper is to explain the role of social workers in the
family reactions to the mentally handicapped child, child is mentally retarded, no
doubt, cause of family issues and problems, especially if there are other children
with normal intelligence. Responses of parents of retarded children are not the
same and often related to retardation of the child's intelligence, economic status,
social and family, parental personality characteristics, the nature and quality of
junior doctors, psychiatrists, psychologists, and other factors. The purpose of these
examples of social entrepreneurs in the province, after studying the relevant
literature and theory, four hypotheses were tested designs with appropriate
statistical indicators. Four hypotheses examined the relationship between social
capitals, corruption and drive the success of the entrepreneurial model. Showing
results confirm that social factors - cultural and planning of these factors can play
a decisive role in the growing trend of entrepreneurship game. This paper examines
the role of entrepreneurship in the social workers with disabilities in Isfahan
province; the aim of this study is to inform the community factors that influence
entrepreneurship is disabled. This is both a positive and active. For this purpose, a
sample of entrepreneurs related to this issue.
Key Words – Entrepreneurship, disabilities, social workers, rehabilitation
1 Introduction
Rehabilitation consists of a set of coordinated measures and medical services, education, vocational
and social for the rehabilitation of disabled persons and to promote the highest possible performance in
order to achieve an independent life in the community is provided (Mirkhani, 1999, p 55). World
Health Organization (WHO) in 1981 gave another definition which facilitates rehabilitation (social
adjustment). it considers the follows:
"Rehabilitation is a process which aims to target and have a time limit to enable a person to achieve a
level of impairment of mental, physical, social and functional fit in this way, he has to change his life
equipped with tools makes, and Rehabilitation includes measures that will offset the loss function (For
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example by technical aids) and also includes measures that will facilitate social integration (Salehi,
1993, p 5).
2 Rehabilitation Goals
Disabled person attempts to return to the community through employment and gain financial
independence and become a productive and contributing to a community's (Hel Seresht & Del Pisheh,
1992, p 17)
America's leader in the science of rehabilitation medicine was named "Edward Rusk ". He is first
rehabilitation center in the hospital, "Bell view" New York established.. The new course called
"medical rehabilitation" "Physical Medicine" began. (Karimidarmani, 1979, p, 18)
3 History of Rehabilitation
With reference to literature and scientific books we see Abo Ali Sina was the first scientist to their
patients and clients, Physical therapy has been used. He would heat or massage therapy for spinal pain.
The use of mineral waters has a long history and even now as a group of people to relieve their pain,
many of the useful properties essentially use these waters. Rehabilitation in Iran, which is based on the
law in 1347, when legislation has been adopted and approved by authorities 1968, According to this
law, the government is required to for spiritual resurgence and professional training and strengthening
those due to injury or loss of part of its ability cannot do, Association called the Society for
Rehabilitation, the Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs provides. Until 1969, the Board of
Rehabilitation, an independent evaluation and rehabilitation centers were not disabled, necessary for
the purpose of private and public facilities in urban centers were operating. Rehabilitation Hospital
until 1969 Shafa Yayaeian For medical affairs and medical disabilities, the Ministry of Health was
awarded the Association of Rehabilitation. After forming in May 1974, the former Department of
Social Welfare, Ministry of Social Affairs separate Association of Rehabilitation and but under the
Ministry of independent and based on its approved articles of association, comprised of, In 1976 until
the dissolution of the Ministry of Social Welfare, Community Health and Welfare under the Ministry
of Rehabilitation was (Karimidarmani, 1979, p, 19).
Being formed in early 1980 by the Society for Rehabilitation of the Ministry of Health, from the State
Welfare Organization, was merged department of Rehabilitation, an area in which the organization is
active. The rehabilitation branch welfare centers in all provinces of the country Have branches and
centers for the rehabilitation of the country, according to the current needs of the disabled, have
substantial activities (Nodehi moghadam, 1993, p. 7)
Find a real attitude towards the acceptance of disabled people in society. Humanitarian philosophy that
flourished in the Renaissance, Undoubtedly, the general attitude towards the handicapped was modest.
But things did not go up to that level of treatment; care and education of these individuals include (Fit,
1990, p.24)
The attitude of the society gradually came into, the disability community is not a minority problem, it
is part of the human issues that directly or indirectly affect the lives of hundreds of millions of people
from various communities in all parts of the world affect. The United Nations declaration on the rights
of the disabled in 1975 and ratified by the member states wills the provisions include: To those who
have disabilities due to mental and physical defects(Either congenitally or otherwise) Partially or
totally incapable of providing the necessities of normal life is individual or social.
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Benefit all the rights of the disabled, which is required by the announcement, Without making any
discrimination on the ground of race, color, religion, social status, wealth concentration, language,
birth status and family are concerned that disabled. That people with disabilities have the same
fundamental rights are those rights and human dignity, it is the inherent right of. On top of these
rights, the right to a good life is possible in normal. Disabilities have the same civil and political rights
that other people have it, announcement Rights and backward, to fix any restrictions or violations of
the law governing mental disabilities.
Disabilities have the right to medical treatment, psychological, medical and social rehabilitation, and
orthopedic technical services, vocational training, counseling, and social workers, the employment
services, their talents and abilities in order to promote maximum, and quickly return to public life.
Disabled people the right to economic and social security and the right to have a decent life. They
agree that their talents have the right to a useful and productive employment and professional
employment and membership in a professional unit. It is recommended and emphasized the special
needs of disabled people at all stages of economic and social planning, should be considered.
Disabilities the right to live with their families or adopted into a family that have and can work in all
social, creative or recreational participants. No disabled person shall not be required to reside in a
particular place, benefit unless his condition, he is required to live there. If a disabled person living in
a particular place, it is inevitable, Environment and living conditions there shall be as close as possible
to the normal living conditions of his age. Should be disabled for exploitation, regulations and
discriminatory behavior, and Degrading Postern, be supported in.
Disabled people the right to legal aid when necessary to protect self and property has. If the effect is
brought to trial, the court must fully consider his mental and physical condition. Consultation with
disability organizations in disability rights issues will be helpful. Disabilities, their families and
communities to appropriate any of the rights listed in the announcement of. (Hel seresht et al, 1992, p:
13).
According to the principles of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Child Rights Convention
and endless letter balance the rights of mentally retarded persons. Compliance the standards prior to
the social development of individuals in the organization, conventions, recommendations and
resolutions of international labor organizations, academic institutions, the United Nations Educational
and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). World Health Organization, the United Nations Children
(UNICEF) and other agencies have been considered relevant.
Helping disabled people to recover and restore them to their various fields of social life in general
(Didari, 2002, p 16). The social approach to disability status in society, it can be disabled in the past,
been found guilty, however, the patient. Was punished in the past, is being examined. In the past it was
disabled person "responsible”, still others are responsible. Hospitals and health centers in the health
system alone system - rehabilitation has become. Depending on the person's disability or impairment
in social, society has changed into and he associated himself with the axis gives (Mohseni, 1996, p
30).
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Table 1. How attitudes to disabled people in terms of time
The past Now
Disabled person was guilty Disabled person is sick.
Disabled person was punished Disabled person is treated.
Disabled person alone was responsible for his fate. The fate of the disabled person is involved
Medical treatment was disabled. Rehabilitation of the disabled person uses
Disabled person lived in a nursing home Disabled person as a citizen of the community lives.
Was disabled pensioners. Disabled person is employed and self-sufficient.
(Karimidarmani, 1979, p: 26)
The 5.293 billion people worldwide in 1990, about 276 million people, about one third of them are
moderate and severe disabilities in developing countries and two thirds of them live in less developed
countries (Table 1-1) Also the number of disability worldwide by the end of 2000, approximately 300
million people are estimated (Mirkhani, 1999, p.77)
Table 2. Estimation of the disabled population (with moderate and severe disabilities) by the UN in
1990
Population Number Percent
Developed countries 93000000 33.33
Less developed countries 183000000 66.66
Total 276000000 100.00
(Karimidarmani, 1979, p: 28).
4 Statistics of Disability
The results presented in the census of 1365, the number of disabled people with visible disabilities, is
about one percent of; Rather than 49, 445, 010 people in the population in 1986, 453, 090 of whom
were disabled (Census results, 1991). University of Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences in 1996 to
investigate the size and needs of different segments of the State Welfare Services according to the
statistical population of 60 thousand people (The results of a sample census, 1997). Census of Social
Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences University, about 10 percent of the population of 6 million people
with physical disabilities, six hundred thousand (600, 000) persons with mental disabilities is obvious
and four million two hundred thousand (4, 200, 000). non-obvious ones were disabled (see table
below).
Table 3. Relative frequency distribution of disabled population by type of disability, according to
the 1996 Census of specific disabilities
Disability Number Percent
Physical disabilities 1, 200,000 20
Obvious mental disability 600,000 10
Non-obvious disabilities 4, 200,000 70
Total 6, 000,000 100
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Statistics show that in Iran, disability in men's 1.5 against women, Disability rate in villages, little
more cities. Based on these statistics, 28.8 percent disability from diseases, 26.3 percent of the Crash
(Trauma) 21.7 percent and the rest from other causes of congenital (Karimidarmani, 1979, p. 29).
Table 4. Frequency distribution of causes of disability in Census Particular examples of disabilities
1996
Type of disability Percent
Diseases 28.8
Crash 26.3
Congenital 21.7
Etc. 23.2
Total 100
(Karimi Darmani, 1979, p: 30)
Table 5. Sample questions for measuring disability in terms of the medical model and the social
model
Row Medical Model Social model
1 Can you tell me what your problem is? Can you tell me what the problem with you is?
2
When you get in, you'll have trouble picking
up or restore furniture, what would it bother
you?
What defect in design, materials, ordinary life as a
pitcher, bottles and cans makes you get up and
running with your problem?
3
If your problem is more difficult to understand
why people are hearing about?
Do you have problems in understanding the result
of their inability to communicate with you?
4
Whether health problem/ disability that
prevents you from going to a place that you
love?
What prevents you from interacting with the local
environment and socializing with neighbors?
5
Does your current home health problem/
disability are you coping?
If you say you have inappropriate housing design,
which means you must own the housing needs
would fit?
6
Is it because of health problems/ disabilities
that are in need of real estate?
The service is so poor that you need to rely on
their relatives and anyone else to help you?
(Walsh, 2000, p: 226)
Zoroastrianism is a religion for help in the first row, gentleness and cooperation as does the mentally
retarded and religion "Muslim" holy commands in this supplement recommendations have been the
deceased had been referred to other religions. From that time until about the last few decades, No
social action, In the order to help this group of people was not carried. About thirty years ago with the
formation of the first schools named "Center for Children's mental education and guidance" gradually
maturing interest and support was disabled in a formal (Davarmanesh, 1991, p.13).
The formation of such organizations "National Council for the Protection of Children.",
"Rehabilitation Society of Iran", "Community support for mentally retarded" and… Also part of
"ministry of education", an attempt was until more is considered abnormal and mentally disabled
children issues.
The Ministry of Education also beginning to accept the excuse of limited resources the project would
not abnormal and retarded children in special centers, since 1968, an office of the Department of
Children and their organizations create exceptional students (Hashemi, 1976, p.3). After working in
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the office, and centers around the country many schools for the education of exceptional children
began, According to formal education, ten years after the establishment of the Office In 1978
approximately 8, 000 students of exceptional(Mainly the mentally retarded, blind, deaf, inconsistent,
and Gifted) The Office under were studying. Currently the organization has been under the direction of
special education children with the education of exceptional children, Exceptional Children works
towards education (Afrooz, 1989, p.9).
After the revolution, the welfare state was formed In the year 1980 in fact merger and integration of
the organization was trying after removal programs appear to deception and replacing a single
program to improve service to the disabled community and useful practical measures to be
implemented (Davarmanesh, 1991, p.13). Mental retardation should be said about the history of this
phenomenon in human history is a history of Companion. What started out as a human creation,
complications such as genetic problems, maternal disorders, problems of labor, birth and other
diseases, such disability was caused, What is so clear, so that people in the past have been less. Only
some religious writings of such people are referred to, For example, in the writings of Hippocrates
word or words "no brain" see (Davarmanesh, 1991, p. 10).
Lombroso disorders of the brain, which causes mental retardation and that Intelligence is listed. Sparta
in ancient Roman law also includes a provision that has been who ordered the destruction of babies
who have severe mental retardation and psychiatric data. In the Middle Ages in Europe who were
mentally retarded more as a clown or a monster or natural communities were tolerated and with the
worst dream, people are bad things about them that they have a unified alliance with the devil and the
belief in Satan's possession, especially by Calvin and Luther in Protestantism reform intensified and
extended to become social. Against this social behaviors, such as Confucius and Lao Tzu in China, and
Zoroastrianism in Iran Asia religious leaders In the their written support of human behavior and mild
mental retardation were. Jewish scholars who have written books Talmood mental retardation are
exempt from criminal liability.
Philanthropy during the sixteenth century onwards, more severe symptoms and more support from
church officials were paid to mental retardation, however, the desires and interests of In scientific and
medical literature it is not clear. At the same time, since the Renaissance, no evidence was found of
writing about shortcomings of the rational and mental and mental illness and then IQ was known as a
variant of madness but in 1989 the English philosopher named "John Locke" differentiate and
discriminate between insanity and mental defects in the expression. But in 1989 the English
philosophers named "John Locke" differentiates and discriminate between insanity and mental defects
in the expression.
At the beginning of the nineteenth century, the spirit of the French Revolution (1789) which had a
great effect start pioneered many efforts to correct any perceived social injustice and were abnormal
and inhuman treatment discontinuation due to mental retardation and those who had the spirit of the
medical profession were and was thinking the same spirit and innovative work, by some members of
the medical groups (Maanavi, 1987, p. 14-15). In the late eighteenth century, a French doctor, "Philip
Penil" the founder of modern psychology Supervision of mental hospitals "Bi setter" and "Sal Petriz"
was selected. In these hospitals, or more accurately stated, the maintenance of those criminals, corrupt
morals, mental patients and mental retardation were kept together. First step "Penil" was open arms
and leg shackles of mental patients in the hospital, "Bi setter". So instead of punishment and torture,
than patients treated with gentleness and affability was replaced. Next, the method of "moral
treatment" was named. One of the most important measures "Penil" mentally retarded was that he tried
to separate the mental patients and to study. Mental retardation so that we can understand, it's a step in
the eighteenth century as (Bani jamali et al., 1990, p.34).
The boy, who was about twelve years in the forest in 1799 and was arrested by hanging, "Itar" sense of
authenticity that fans would agree, Human wild boy felt that hanging is a good example of that is even
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untrained and if proper education is the education of he senses, Can be become into a human. Itar, he
began an intensive training program to show the world that Cana can be a child's education through
the senses trained. He took five years, but eventually it took Victor education and stated that the
experiment has failed. Later, the French Academy of Sciences of the above contract and Itar has
announced a major part in this experiment and urged him to publish a report on its efforts to. The
result was a book called Wild Boy hanging was named history of Education in people with mental
handicap, a book is valuable. Tar goals, along with some of the teaching methods were: The social
creation of human desires and aspirations, speech, intelligence (Kerk and Jonson, 1990, p.105).
Mid-nineteenth century's (Guggenbuhl) to establish institutions that care for persons with mental
retardation can be implemented in Switzerland and Cause these institutions are established his
reputation in Europe, America and Japan were. The latter was very idiotic Guggenbuhl and a promise
that could lead them to healing and it was that caused his downfall but there is no reason to ignore the
rest of his comments. Guggenbuhl of mental retardation and mental because he is respected as an
important field of medical science and culture and His efforts led to the establishment of similar
institutions in many parts of the developing world time (Maanavi, 1987, p.16).
Seguin Edward was teacher and medical students and student and colleague " Itar " His education was
gained in the "Victor" wild child with valuable experiences, The first book in the field of mental
retardation called "moral treatment and education of blind children in mind, " published in 1846. He
did not publish his new ideas in France in 1848 he emigrated to the United States and in the education
of mentally retarded children in paid work and the convention opened new horizons in the field of
American country. And his second book in 1866, wrote a series of. Theory "Sgn" education and
training retarded children was based upon physiological nerve. According to him, the nervous system,
two systems "central nervous" is divided into, believed that the retardation of surface defects and
weaknesses of the peripheral nervous system and Surface and retardation, central nervous system
failure caused by defect is caused. He was both an educational backwardness. Maria Souri, including
those of the late nineteenth century to about 1897, became interested in issues related to mental
defects. Including incentives from the problems he was suffering at the time, the ones who kept
Mental Hospitals another common belief postulated that paralysis and profound retardation and
medical aspects of diseases of the category should be examined. While studying mount Souri works
Itar and Sgn came to the conclusion that this is the medical aspect of it is an educational issue. His
theory is based on the convention of school as a school of psychotherapy for people with mental
handicap established. Here, not only was the education of mentally retarded children, but also the
instructors teaching these children were (Bni Jamal and Ahadi, 1990, p. 35-37).
Promote more attention to these institutions across the United States and Canada was. Because they
knew that education and training for people with intellectual and mental deficiency is a very limited
aspect. He was realistic views of the Guggenbuhl had to avoid mistakes. Should be noted that, being
lovesick passion and intense early nineteenth century was the result of expanding the institutions of
mental retarded, in the late nineteenth century into a theory was disappointing and a pessimistic and
this change in approach may be due to reaction. Since it relies more on professional techniques and
training methods instead changed the cultural and educational and education of the people was more
on physical education. Especially those who were affected by the deficiency of intelligence and mild
mental, Educational and physical issues and more will be done for them.
But this method also causes a change in the nature and purposes of intelligence and mental retardation
supporting institutions and most of them as rehabilitation centers and rehabilitation were studied and
treated and unfortunately, this issue separate from mainstream social life of people with mental
retardation were carried. And the desire by some pseudo-scientific imagination and scientific
speculation was reinforced. Reactionary views medieval returns with serious words about the bad
people are genuine and fundamental mental retardation sometimes it seems that they were God's
punishment that has been covered.
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Efforts of medical groups in the course applied and we had to do unfortunately they took away some
of the scientific research and most of the community to find ways to prevent threats from intelligence
and mental retardation by various methods, such as improved control of generation or partial
sterilization or even kill children born of reason or control the reproduction of the new.
Physicians who remained in all fields of scientific research in psychiatric hospitals were separated and
isolated because people believed that the government has no scientific value of this field. Following
the start of the twentieth century witnessed no scientific indifference. Following the start of the
twentieth century witnessed the apathy professional but it was also powers the movement and
activities the main change was caused and in fact led to a renewal of respect (Maanavi, 1987, p.17-19).
The urgent need for the development of experimental science on the one hand and too much attention
to the human sciences, including psychology, especially child psychology and finally, the activities of
the "Alfred Bine" IQ test and demonstrate the basic building about IQ differences between individuals
on the other hand, Was brought to the attention of the class obviously mentally retarded manner, This
phenomenon from a scientific point of view be followed. In the twentieth century the "Dekroly" and
"Alfred Bine" should be remembered. Dekroly was also a doctor. And when faced with the problem of
the treatment of mentally retarded children, Came to the conclusion that the best way to treat is an
educational program. So he began teaching with children with mental handicap. He believed that the
method used for teaching retarded children should be in relation to his needs. Dekroly with their
colleagues, they were educational games and projects and activities that modify the natural and
spontaneous correction of mentally retarded children and children are motivated to do their work (Bni
Jamal and Ahadi, 1990, p. 38).
In 1904 Bine intelligence responsibilities and education of children in schools served Paris. Until the
Bine, the field test was not an act of. Bine laboratory psychologist with over fifteen years to produce
intelligence test and the results will be analyzed constantly (Shafie Abadi, 1971, p. 21). Bine and
Theodore Simon (1905) release their first real test of intelligence. (Robinson & Robinson, 1989, p 37).
We said in the twentieth century, public demands for renewed respect for science were seen again and
the spirit underlying the concept of "Garoud" the differences in the metabolism of these patients
appeared one of the discoveries that caused regular professional medical curiosity after discovering
Garoud, we can mention the discovery of Phenylketonuria by "Foling" in 1934. Reinforcing the
concept that gave Garoud and made references to at the possibility of avoiding or preventing mental
backwardness by the avoidance and prevention of metabolic disorders and these findings reveal
similar result with the GA lactose metabolic defects were which subsequently appeared in many other
metabolic disorders. The model was implemented by the results of genetic principles to improve the
techniques of genetic science. It was science that caused the development of abode and lead to
improvements in obstetrical techniques, control of diseases, syphilis and discover RH incompatibility
and soon after its introduction on caused changing blood. By which new factors were also found the
perspectives opened new and exciting in the realm of mental retardation and intelligence for medical
researchers and clinicians.
Because public opinion is strongly in favor and support of the professional scientists caused a positive
factor for mental retardation and intelligence arise the benefit was the result of legislation in many
countries, progressive and introduce new methods and tests to improve disabled people and the fact
that progress was sometimes so fast even the United States has long followed the developments in the
progression of some countries to step on the other side of the Iron Curtain because these countries
have a socialist program that would be easier to maintain and more opportunities to train people to use
and must be acknowledged that even today many government institutions free of Western countries,
and the mentally retarded children's IQ very nasty and bad examples of how a combination of office
work and Medieval, to the dispossessed still exert but fortunately, in early 1960, under the leadership
of John F. Kennedy very deep and extensive program planned by the meeting of experts was formed
and this comprehensive program against their contract problems and very quick suggestions to
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improve the these patients Most of them, by way of ordinary legislation came into force keep abreast.
And opportunities for research and study led by the government, many physicians are increasingly
embracing the program and enter into research (Maanavi, 1987, p. 19-21).
Most societies and nations, so the children are kept in special conditions and if possible (depending on
the type of defect or mental retardation) are trained and rehabilitation (Davarmanesh, 1991, p. 12-13).
This paper examines the role of social workers in developing entrepreneurship is disabled. Today,
many of the world's population to spend a normal life and to assist community organizations and other
relevant institution needs. The principle that every person enjoys the right to be given, emphasizing the
need for further training and employment of disabled persons confirmed. All the needs of disabled
people and hope for a normal person want and needs to work on her. She is fiercely independent and
never wanted violence and pity that he is not like the others.
5 Theoretical of research
They are a great progressive leader. They have a lot of demands and the belief that everyone is like
them, they focus on the development and outcome-oriented. Mac Celle land development incentives
are interested. His adventure is common and that reduced the risk of major adverse statement has been
approved. In general, people-oriented development targets and tries to get Method or methods of
feature points which have seen some of the character's psychology. "This is the fundamental nature of
the distinction between entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs, entrepreneurs Let us assume that the
characteristics of the infrastructure and the behavior of its success (Ahmadpour 2007, p. 57).
Cultural and social values, social institutions are necessary to realize the full potential of
entrepreneurship. Personal characteristics not only affect entrepreneurial culture and entrepreneurial
capacity of the superstructure of social and cultural environment and social impacts. It should match
the individual characteristics, cultural and social superstructure to realize entrepreneurship.
Harmonious interaction between production leads to increased effectiveness of all collections and fill
shortages now. Potential coordination of each factor can be made with a strong set interaction
promoted. With large capacity, it is necessary to mention that the entrepreneur realizes that three
factors affect individual features have been implemented to promote cultural superstructure will lead
to respect the effort (Alvani, 2009, p. 32).
It is natural that the couple that their child is born going to have a future. In this picture, the cultural
stereotype of ideal child, the child who is healthy and able to successfully Consistent with other
children to assume responsibilities in society should be observed. Expectations and aspirations of the
existence of a backward child create intense conflict. Conflict between expectations and reality come
to fight with the Resistance parents, especially mother contradict strongly reacts to this (Navabinejad,
1988, p. 675).
Emphasis on separation disabled children, neighbors and relatives of the family are slowly switching
isolation caused irreparable psychological damage that your family has (Davarmanesh, 1992, p. 122).
Understanding and accepting or rejecting any cause misunderstandings and parents are originally.
Thus, the reaction of the child's parents before we incidence of mental retardation that originally
created conducive atmosphere for family and other family members play a critical role if it is
(Davrmanesh, 1992, p. 120). Study of family psychosocial problems than children with mental
retardation.
Mentally retarded children and family issues and problems, especially if there are other children with
normal intelligence, A child's parents are not the same backward and most backward on children's
intelligence, socioeconomic status, social and family characteristics, parental characteristics, the nature
and direction of a physician, psychiatrist, psychologist, or other factors depends. Due to his physical
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discomfort will be maimed for life (Navabinejad, 1988, p. 674). The importance of parents responding
to the situation with regard to the acceptance or otherwise of a number of emotional, rational and
irrational is an important finding.
Initial reactions have been reported by many investigators that parents include fear, opposing
emotions, anger, avoidance, grief, confusion, surprise, sorrow, death wish, deny and deny, depression,
hopelessness, economic concerns, disbelief, hurriedly, hatred and jealousy, frustration, grief, guilt,
helplessness, of Vibrant, replication, sudden impulses to destroy the child, whine and moan,
indifference to life replication extreme projection, alas, refuse, embarrassed, being shocked, suicidal
impulses your heart to fire his radical support (Davarmnsh, 1992, p. 123). However, they are also
likely to be similar to other people in case of anxiety, but this type of anxiety is real and concrete.
Without exaggeration, this is not such an easy thing to accept (9) and reach full mental maturity
depends on the degree of parental guidance and correct them (Davarmanesh, 1992, p. 39). So if the
parents are not emotional mature hands, complete admission of their children by a very heavy task
would be difficult (Davarmanesh, 1992, p. 141).
On the other hand, families who have little intelligence better able to accept that even children with
profound mental retardation. Low levels they may intelligence protect their long-term planning for
their children and support them to the attention of the sensitivity and emotional adjustment to be paid
to him than his achievements (Malekpour, 1988, p. 26). There is a react to that aspect of the
development and adaptation of parents of children with behavioral reality inability to understand and
accept them very mature and wise. These parents completed the steps slowly to reach their children
and they love her as well (Malekpour, 1988, p. 14).
6 Conclusion
Disabled entrepreneurs in the purchasing process, the main role in this process, because social workers
can be dynamic element mobility in people with injection method, the depth of the individual and
dependent, Innovative forms of interaction with the social environment. Family Trust for the disabled,
they caused real feelings and thoughts about the member are disabled.
Problems of people with disabilities, including depression, unemployment, poverty, free from their
career paths and opportunities for productive investment in the new guidance freely, because social
workers to strengthen the emotional and moral aspects of the client's self-concept, self-confidence,
self-esteem and self-actualization and set off economic activity and business development. Social
workers need information to institutions, organizations or associations for disabled family members or
children of entrepreneurs to help them, their family member is disabled. Social workers should
identify the type and severity of disability, treatment, repair or rehabilitation of persons with
disabilities to share with family and family plans to fit the requirements and design features
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